THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, has a complex legal status in the United States. Understanding these variances is crucial, given the rapidly evolving landscape of cannabis legislation. This guide offers a clear, state-by-state overview of THC laws, catering to legal professionals, cannabis enthusiasts, and the general public alike.
Federal Overview
Federally, cannabis remains classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act. This classification places cannabis in the same category as heroin and LSD, indicating a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. However, many states have deviated from this federal stance, enacting their own laws governing the use, distribution, and production of cannabis and THC.
Access to Medical Cannabis Cards
Patients needing access to medical cannabis must first be certified by participating physicians and then apply for a medical cannabis card. These cards are essential for legal access to medical cannabis under the state’s program.
Alabama Laws
Alabama Status: Medical Legal since 2021 – Recreational: Illegal.
Alabama has taken significant steps in cannabis legislation by legalizing medical cannabis in 2021, with the Alabama Medical Cannabis Program expected to be operational by early 2024. This program allows medical cannabis use for specific conditions such as chronic pain, cancer, PTSD, and others, but prohibits smoking and edible forms. Legal access requires a physician’s certification and a medical cannabis card. Despite these developments in medical use, recreational cannabis remains illegal in Alabama, and unauthorized possession or use carries severe penalties.
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Click here to apply for a Medical Cannabis Card in Alabama
Alaska Laws
Alaska Status: Medical Legal since 1998 – Recreational: Legal since 2014.
Alaska has been at the forefront of cannabis legislation in the United States. Recreational marijuana has been legal since 2014, and medical marijuana since 1998. Adults aged 21 and over are permitted to possess up to 1 ounce of marijuana and grow up to six marijuana plants (with no more than three mature plants) for personal use. Public consumption of marijuana remains illegal, and violations can result in fines. The state’s medical marijuana program caters to patients with various conditions, including severe pain and seizures, but does not allow medical dispensaries; hence, medical patients are subject to the same rules as recreational consumers. Despite its recreational and medical-legal status, Alaska has faced challenges, such as the prohibition of cannabis delivery due to conflicts with federal laws. The state continues to adapt its marijuana laws in response to industry and societal needs.
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Arizona Laws
Arizona Status: Medical Legal since 2010 – Recreational: Legal since 2020.
Arizona has made significant strides in cannabis legalization. In 2010, the state legalized medical marijuana, allowing patients and their caregivers to purchase and possess up to 2.5 ounces of marijuana every two weeks. This was followed by the legalization of recreational marijuana in 2020 with the passage of Proposition 207. Adults aged 21 and older can legally possess up to one ounce of marijuana and grow up to six plants at home. Despite these legalizations, there are strict penalties for possession beyond legal limits, cultivation above the allowed number of plants, and DUI under marijuana influence. Arizona’s approach towards cannabis, including rules for consumption, transportation, and cultivation, reflects a progressive yet regulated stance.
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Arkansas Laws
Arkansas Status: Medical Legal since 2016 – Recreational: Illegal.
In Arkansas, medical marijuana has been legal since 2016, while recreational marijuana remains illegal. The state permits registered patients to purchase up to 2.5 ounces of marijuana every 14 days from licensed dispensaries. The list of qualifying conditions for medical marijuana is extensive, including severe conditions like cancer, glaucoma, and PTSD. Consumption of medical cannabis is allowed only in private residences, and public use is prohibited. Driving under the influence of marijuana is illegal, and there are severe penalties for possession beyond legal limits, unauthorized cultivation, or illegal sale. The state’s medical marijuana program is regulated by the Arkansas Medical Marijuana Commission, ensuring compliance with quality control, safety, and operational standards.
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Click here to apply for a Medical Cannabis Card in Arkansas
California Laws
California Status: Medical Legal since 1996 – Recreational: Legal since 2016.
California, a pioneer in cannabis legalization, first allowed medicinal use in 1996 and later legalized recreational cannabis in 2016. The state’s cannabis industry is strictly regulated to ensure business operation safety, product quality, and prevention of access to minors. Businesses must comply with statutes, regulations, and local ordinances, including rules for cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, and retail. As of January 1, 2024, new laws, such as AB 2188, prohibit employers from discriminating against employees based on cannabis use outside the workplace. Despite these legalizations, federal law still classifies cannabis as a controlled substance, and the use or possession of cannabis remains illegal under federal law, even for medical users. California continues to navigate the complex legal landscape of cannabis use, balancing state legalization with federal restrictions.
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Colorado Laws
Colorado Status: Medical Legal since 2000 – Recreational: Legal since 2012.
Colorado has been a leader in cannabis legislation in the United States, legalizing medical marijuana in 2000 and recreational marijuana in 2012. As of 2024, adults aged 21 and over in Colorado are permitted to possess and use marijuana. The state allows individuals to possess up to 1 ounce of marijuana and cultivate a limited number of plants for personal use. Additionally, a regulated market exists for the sale of recreational marijuana, with specific guidelines for distribution and consumption. Recent updates to the state’s cannabis laws include changes to online retail sales, intoxicating hemp products, lab testing, and regulations for the hospitality sector. Despite these advancements, public consumption of marijuana remains illegal, and the use of marijuana on federal land is prohibited. Colorado continues to refine its marijuana laws, balancing the growth of the cannabis industry with regulatory and public safety concerns.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in Colorado | Colorado 10 Years After Legalization
Click here to apply for a Medical Cannabis Card in Colorado
Connecticut Laws
Connecticut Status: Medical Legal since 2012 – Recreational: Legal since 2021.
In Connecticut, recreational marijuana was legalized in 2021, following the legalization of medical marijuana in 2012. As of 2024, adults aged 21 and over can legally possess and consume marijuana. Individuals are allowed to possess up to 1.5 ounces of cannabis on their person and up to 5 ounces in their homes or locked in their car trunk or glove box. The Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection regulates cannabis businesses, and a Social Equity Council has been established to ensure equitable participation in the cannabis industry. Medical marijuana patients in Connecticut are allowed to possess up to three ounces per month, with specific purchasing limits set by physicians. Cannabis consumption is prohibited in public places, workplaces, and areas visible to minors. Driving under the influence of cannabis is illegal and treated as a DUI. From July 1, 2023, adults can cultivate marijuana at home under the same limits as medical patients.
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Deleware Laws
Delaware Status: Medical Legal since 2011 – Recreational: Legal since 2023.
Delaware legalized recreational marijuana on April 23, 2023, with the implementation of House Bill 1 and House Bill 2. The new legislation allows adults aged 21 and over to legally buy, possess, transport, share, and use up to 1 ounce of cannabis. However, public consumption and cultivation are prohibited. The Office of the Marijuana Commissioner (OMC), established under this legislation, is responsible for regulating the recreational marijuana industry, focusing on public health, deterring underage usage, and generating tax revenue. The medical marijuana program in Delaware allows qualified patients to possess up to 6 ounces of medical marijuana from licensed dispensaries, with a range of qualifying medical conditions. For medical patients, cultivation of up to 6 mature and 6 immature plants is permitted with a license. The recreational cannabis market is expected to open in 2024, offering various business opportunities and licenses.
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Florida Laws
Florida Status: Medical Legal since 2016 – Recreational: Illegal (with a potential ballot initiative in 2024).
In Florida, medical marijuana was legalized in 2016 through the passage of Amendment 2, with the first licensed dispensaries opening in 2017. As of 2024, Florida law allows qualified patients with specific medical conditions to use medical marijuana. However, recreational marijuana remains illegal. Medical marijuana patients can possess up to a 70-day supply, with a single 35-day supply limited to 2.5 ounces. The Florida Department of Health oversees the Medical Marijuana Use Registry, and patients must have a qualifying medical condition to be eligible for a medical marijuana card. Public, workplace, and visible-to-minors cannabis use is prohibited. Florida does not permit personal marijuana cultivation.
There is a potential change on the horizon: a ballot initiative for the legalization of recreational marijuana is set to appear on the 2024 ballot, following sufficient signature collection and a pending review by the Florida Supreme Court. This initiative, if passed, would allow adults aged 21 and over to possess up to three ounces of marijuana for personal use, marking a significant shift in Florida’s cannabis laws.
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Georgia Laws
Georgia Status: Medical Legal since 2019 – Recreational: Illegal (with discussions for law reform).
In Georgia, a medical marijuana program was established in 2019 with the signing of the Georgia’s Hope Act, allowing patients to access low-THC medical cannabis oils. As of 2024, this law is still being implemented, with two production licenses issued and the first laboratory license granted. Sales of medical marijuana products are expected to begin in 2023. However, Georgia remains conservative in its approach to cannabis, with recreational marijuana still illegal. Possession of up to an ounce of marijuana is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 12 months imprisonment and a fine of up to $1,000, and possession of more than one ounce is a felony.
Despite the current legal status, there is a growing interest in reforming Georgia’s marijuana laws. During the 2023 legislative session, bills were considered to improve the state’s harsh marijuana laws, including proposals for decriminalization. However, these bills did not pass. There is significant public support for legalization, with two-thirds of Georgians believing cannabis possession should be legal. Efforts for reform will continue, and lawmakers are expected to take up these bills again in 2024. While no specific ballot initiatives or legislative changes have been confirmed for 2024, the state is witnessing increasing advocacy and discussions around marijuana law reform.
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Hawaii Laws
Hawaii Status: Medical Legal since 2000 – Recreational: Illegal (with potential legalization by 2026).
Hawaii, having legalized medical marijuana in 2000, currently operates a program with licensed dispensaries. Despite this, the recreational use of marijuana remains illegal. However, significant legislative efforts are underway to change this status. The most notable is a draft bill for legalization proposed by the Attorney General, aiming for implementation by 2026. This bill suggests significant changes, including allowing adults 21 and over to possess and cultivate limited amounts of cannabis and establishing a Cannabis Control Board to regulate the market. These efforts reflect a growing momentum towards legalizing recreational marijuana in Hawaii.
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Idaho Laws
Idaho Status: Medical and Recreational Illegal (with a medical marijuana initiative potentially on the 2024 ballot).
As of 2024, both medical and recreational marijuana remain illegal in Idaho. However, there is a significant development on the horizon. A nonprofit organization, Kind Idaho, is advocating for the legalization of medical marijuana and has initiated a campaign for a ballot measure, titled the Idaho Medical Marijuana Act, to be potentially included in the 2024 election. The proposed measure aims to legalize medical marijuana for qualifying patients, including those with chronic diseases or conditions, or for people with terminal illnesses. It would allow qualified patients or caretakers to possess up to four ounces of marijuana and cultivate up to six cannabis plants under certain conditions. The initiative is focused on providing a safer alternative to opioids and other prescription medications for pain management and various medical conditions. As the campaign continues, Kind Idaho is working towards gathering the necessary signatures to qualify for the ballot.
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Illinois Laws
Illinois Status: Medical and Recreational Legal since 2020 – No major changes anticipated for 2024.
Illinois, having legalized recreational cannabis in 2020, is not expected to undergo major legislative changes in its cannabis laws for 2024. The state has seen substantial growth in its legal marijuana industry since the legalization, with total retail sales reaching $1.5 billion in fiscal year 2023. A significant development in the Illinois cannabis market has been the opening of new dispensaries and the increase in diversity in ownership and employment within the industry. The recent legislation signed by Governor J.B. Pritzker provides tax relief to licensed cannabis businesses and directs funding to a cannabis development fund. Furthermore, the state plans to grant additional social equity licenses and employ more inspectors and processors to expedite licensing approvals in fiscal year 2024. There’s also an ongoing focus on enhancing social equity in the cannabis industry, with an aim to address market disparities and provide more opportunities for diverse and independent operators.
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Indiana Laws
Indiana Status: Medical Illegal – Recreational: Illegal (with ongoing legislative discussions).
As of 2024, both medical and recreational use of cannabis remains illegal in Indiana. Despite the legalization movements in neighboring states, Indiana’s stance on marijuana has not shown significant changes. However, the legislative landscape is evolving, with ongoing discussions and proposals for reform. In recent years, bills have been proposed in both the Indiana House of Representatives and Senate seeking to decriminalize cannabis use and establish a medical marijuana program.
One such bill, House Bill 1039, proposes permitting recreational use for those over 21 and medical use for individuals with serious medical conditions. Senate Bill 237 aims to establish a medical marijuana program and allow possession for certain medical conditions. These bills reflect a growing interest in cannabis reform, though they have not yet made significant progress in the legislature.
The political landscape in Indiana is complex, with some opposition from key stakeholders like the Indiana Prosecuting Attorneys Council and the Indiana Chamber of Commerce. Nonetheless, advocacy groups and legislators continue to push for change, highlighting potential economic benefits and the need for social justice reform. As the national conversation around cannabis evolves, Indiana lawmakers are increasingly confronted with the potential of reforming the state’s cannabis laws.
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Iowa Laws
Iowa Status: Medical Legal – Recreational: Illegal (with discussions for future legalization).
Iowa currently has a limited medical marijuana program, but recreational marijuana remains illegal. However, there’s growing momentum for change. Iowa House Democrats recently introduced legislation proposing the legalization of recreational marijuana, aiming to capitalize on potential revenue and economic opportunities. The bill suggests a 10% tax on recreational sales, with proceeds supporting schools, public safety, and substance abuse and mental health services. Despite these efforts, the bill faces significant opposition, particularly from Governor Kim Reynolds, who has consistently opposed recreational marijuana legalization. With neighboring states like Minnesota, Missouri, and Illinois having legalized recreational marijuana, Iowa’s stance on cannabis remains in flux. The situation is further complicated by a divided public opinion on legalization and concerns over public safety and health risks.
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Kansas Laws
Kansas Status: Medical and Recreational Illegal (with potential for medical legalization).
As of 2024, both medical and recreational marijuana are illegal in Kansas. However, there are indications of a shift in the legislative attitude towards medical marijuana. Lawmakers have shown readiness to legalize medical marijuana, though with likely restrictions against vaping or smoking it. While recreational marijuana legalization has not gained traction among Kansas lawmakers, the public sentiment is increasingly in favor of legalization. A statewide survey showed nearly 70% of Kansans support an end to the Legislature’s blockade of bills legalizing recreational marijuana. Despite this public support, the Kansas House and Senate have yet to pass significant marijuana reform legislation.
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Louisiana Laws
Louisiana Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is decriminalized.
Louisiana has a unique approach to marijuana laws. While recreational use is not fully legalized, the state has decriminalized possession of small amounts of marijuana and has a medical cannabis program in place. In 2021, possessing 14 grams or less of marijuana was made a ticketable offense, resulting in a fine of up to $100 but no jail time. However, possessing larger amounts remains a criminal offense. The state’s medical marijuana program, established in 2015, allows qualified patients with debilitating medical conditions to access and use medical marijuana products. But the program has faced challenges, including limited availability of products and dispensaries. Home cultivation of marijuana is not permitted, even for medical patients.
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Maine Laws
Maine Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Details: Maine has a progressive stance on marijuana, with both medical and recreational use legalized. In 2016, voters approved a ballot measure to legalize recreational marijuana, and the state has since implemented a regulated market for adult-use cannabis. Adults 21 and older can legally purchase, possess, and use up to 2.5 ounces of marijuana, as well as grow up to three mature and 12 immature plants for personal use. Medical marijuana has been legal in Maine since 1999, with a well-established program for qualified patients with debilitating medical conditions.
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Maryland Laws
Maryland Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Details: Maryland joined the ranks of recreational marijuana states in 2023, building on its existing medical marijuana program established in 2013. Adults 21 and over can legally possess, transport, use, and share up to 1.5 ounces of cannabis flower, 12 grams of concentrated cannabis, or cannabis products containing up to 750mg of THC. Public consumption and cultivation remain prohibited. The Maryland Cannabis Administration oversees the regulation and licensing of the new recreational market, focusing on public health, preventing underage use, and generating tax revenue. The medical marijuana program continues to operate alongside the recreational program, offering qualified patients access to a wider range of products and higher possession limits.
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Massachusetts Laws
Massachuseets Status: Medical and recreational marijuana are legal.
Details: Massachusetts boasts one of the oldest and most established medical marijuana programs in the country, beginning in 2008. Recreational use joined the picture in 2016, making Massachusetts a frontrunner in legalizing both forms of cannabis. Adults 21 and over can legally possess, transport, consume, and share up to one ounce of marijuana flower and five grams of concentrates. Growing up to six cannabis plants at home is permitted, with an extra six plants allowed if there are two or more adults residing in the home. Public consumption and driving under the influence remain strictly prohibited. The Cannabis Control Commission regulates both the medical and recreational markets, ensuring product safety, public health, and responsible industry practices. Massachusetts’ comprehensive marijuana laws have paved the way for a thriving industry while offering patients access to medical marijuana for qualified conditions.
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Michigan Laws
Michigan Status: Medical and recreational marijuana are legal.
Michigan holds the distinction of being the first Midwestern state to legalize both medical and recreational marijuana. In 2008, the state established a medical marijuana program for qualified patients with debilitating medical conditions. Then, in 2018, a ballot measure paved the way for recreational use, becoming effective in 2019. Today, adults 21 and over can legally possess, transport, consume, and share up to 2.5 ounces of marijuana flower and 15 grams of concentrated cannabis. Home cultivation allows for up to 12 plants per residence, with secure storage required for amounts exceeding 2.5 ounces. Public consumption and driving under the influence are illegal. The Michigan Regulation and Taxation of Marijuana Act (MRTMA) governs the industry, including licensing, taxation, and regulations for both medical and recreational cannabis. This progressive approach has generated tax revenue, created jobs, and provided access to medical marijuana for patients while offering responsible recreational use for adults.
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Minnesota Laws
Minnesota Status: Recreational marijuana is legal, medical marijuana was established earlier.
Minnesota joined the ranks of recreational legalization in 2023, becoming the 23rd state to take this step. Adults 21 and over can possess, transport, consume, and share up to 2 ounces of cannabis flower in public and 2 pounds within their private residence. Concentrates carry a limit of 8 grams while edible products (including hemp edibles with low THC) are capped at 800mg combined THC. Growing up to four cannabis plants at home is also permitted for those 21 and older. While public consumption is prohibited, licensed establishments and events with permits may eventually offer designated spaces for legal use. The recently established Office of Cannabis Management oversees regulations and licensing for both medical and recreational markets. Driving under the influence remains illegal, and expungement procedures are available for certain individuals with past cannabis convictions.
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Mississippi Laws
Mississippi Status: Medical marijuana is legal, recreational marijuana remains illegal.
Mississippi’s journey with cannabis has been a complex one. In 2020, voters approved Initiative 65, legalizing medical marijuana for patients with qualifying conditions. The program officially launched in 2022, allowing registered patients and their designated caregivers to purchase cannabis from licensed dispensaries. Qualifying conditions include chronic pain, cancer, seizures, PTSD, and several other debilitating illnesses. Patients can legally possess up to 28 “Medical Cannabis Equivalency Units” (MCEUs) at a time, which translates to roughly 84 grams per month. However, recreationally using cannabis remains illegal in Mississippi. Possession of small amounts (30 grams or less) is decriminalized, resulting in a $250 fine and a civil summons instead of jail time. However, larger quantities or public consumption incur harsher penalties.
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Missouri Laws
Missouri Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Missouri has embraced both medical and recreational cannabis use. It legalized medical marijuana in 2018, with the program becoming fully operational in 2020. Patients with qualifying conditions can access a variety of cannabis products from licensed dispensaries. In November 2022, Missouri voters approved Amendment 3, legalizing recreational marijuana for adults 21 and over. The new law took effect in February 2023, allowing adults to buy, possess, transport, use, and share up to 1 ounce of cannabis flower or 100mg of THC in infused products. Home cultivation of up to six cannabis plants is also permitted. However, public consumption and driving under the influence remain illegal.
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Montana Laws
Montana Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Montana has a progressive approach to cannabis, legalizing both medical and recreational use. The state’s medical marijuana program was established in 2004, providing access to patients with qualifying conditions. In 2020, voters approved Initiative 190, legalizing recreational marijuana for adults 21 and over. The law went into effect in January 2021, allowing adults to possess, purchase, transport, and use up to one ounce of cannabis flower or 8 grams of concentrate. Home cultivation of up to four mature plants and four seedlings is also permitted for personal use. Public consumption remains illegal, and driving under the influence is strictly prohibited.
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Nebraska Laws
Nebraska Status: Medical marijuana is illegal – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Nebraska remains one of the few states in the US with a complete ban on both medical and recreational marijuana. Possession of any amount of cannabis is considered a misdemeanor, punishable by up to 3 months in jail and a $500 fine for the first offense. Subsequent offenses carry harsher penalties, including potential felony charges. CBD oil with no THC is legal, but products containing any detectable THC are prohibited. Despite neighboring states like Colorado and Missouri legalizing recreational marijuana, bringing any amount of the substance into Nebraska is illegal. Public opinion polls suggest growing support for medical marijuana legalization in Nebraska, but legislative efforts have not yet been successful.
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Nevada Laws
Nevada Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Nevada has a long history with cannabis, being one of the first states to legalize medical marijuana in 2000. The state’s recreational marijuana program began in 2017, allowing adults 21 and over to purchase, possess, and consume cannabis for personal use. Adults can legally buy up to one ounce of flower or 3.5 grams of concentrate at a time, and home cultivation of up to six plants is permitted for personal use. However, public consumption and driving under the influence remain illegal. Nevada’s cannabis industry is thriving, with dispensaries located throughout the state and a wide variety of products available.
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New Hampshire Laws
New Hampshire Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
New Hampshire has a unique approach to cannabis laws. It legalized medical marijuana in 2013, with a well-established program for patients with qualifying conditions. However, recreational use remains illegal, although recent developments suggest potential changes in the future. In 2023, the state legislature passed a bill to legalize recreational marijuana, but Governor Chris Sununu vetoed it. The bill proposed a regulated market with sales starting in 2024, but it faced opposition from the governor regarding control over licensing and tax revenue distribution. While the future of recreational marijuana in New Hampshire remains uncertain, advocates continue to push for legalization.
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New Jersey Laws
New Jersey Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
New Jersey is a pioneer in cannabis legalization, embracing both medical and recreational use. The state’s medical marijuana program began in 2010, providing access to patients with qualifying conditions. In 2020, following a ballot measure, recreational marijuana was legalized for adults 21 and over. Sales officially began in April 2022, making New Jersey one of the first states in the Northeast to establish a regulated adult-use cannabis market. Adults can legally purchase up to one ounce of cannabis flower or 5 grams of concentrate at a time from licensed dispensaries. Home cultivation is not allowed for recreational use, but medical patients can grow up to six plants. Public consumption and driving under the influence remain illegal.
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New Mexico Laws
New Mexico Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
New Mexico has taken significant steps to embrace cannabis legalization. It legalized medical marijuana in 2007, with the program becoming fully operational in 2009. Patients with qualifying conditions can access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries. In 2021, New Mexico became one of the most recent states to legalize recreational marijuana for adults 21 and over. Sales officially began in April 2022, ushering in a new era of regulated adult-use cannabis in the state. Adults can legally purchase up to two ounces of cannabis flower or 16 grams of concentrate at a time from licensed dispensaries. Home cultivation of up to six mature plants (with no more than 12 total plants per household) is also permitted for personal use. Public consumption remains illegal, though certain licensed establishments may allow consumption on-site. Driving under the influence of cannabis is strictly prohibited.
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New York Laws
New York Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
New York is among the states that have legalized both medical and recreational marijuana. The state’s medical marijuana program began in 2014, providing access to patients with qualifying conditions. In March 2021, New York legalized recreational marijuana for adults 21 and over, with sales officially starting in April 2023. Adults can legally purchase up to three ounces of cannabis flower or 24 grams of concentrate at a time from licensed dispensaries. Home cultivation of up to six plants per adult (with a maximum of 12 plants per household) is also permitted for personal use. However, public consumption remains illegal, and driving under the influence is strictly prohibited.
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North Carolina Laws
North Carolina Status: Medical marijuana is legal for limited conditions – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
North Carolina has a limited medical marijuana program, allowing access to cannabis-derived products with low THC content (less than 0.9%) for patients with a narrow range of debilitating conditions. These conditions include epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and certain terminal illnesses. The program does not permit smokable or edible forms of marijuana, and patients must obtain a physician’s recommendation and register with the state to access products from licensed dispensaries. Recreational marijuana remains illegal in North Carolina, with possession of any amount considered a misdemeanor punishable by up to 30 days in jail and a $200 fine.
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North Dakota Laws
North Dakota Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Details: North Dakota has a medical marijuana program in place, but it has not yet legalized recreational marijuana. The medical program, established in 2016, allows patients with qualifying conditions to access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries. Qualifying conditions include cancer, AIDS, glaucoma, PTSD, and severe chronic pain. However, recreational use of marijuana remains illegal in the state. Possession of any amount is a misdemeanor, punishable by up to 30 days in jail and a $1,500 fine.
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Ohio Laws
Ohio Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal, but there’s nowhere to buy it yet.
Ohio has a regulated medical marijuana program that began in 2019, allowing patients with qualifying conditions to access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries. However, recreational marijuana is in a unique limbo in the state. In December 2023, a ballot measure legalizing recreational use for adults 21 and over passed with 57% of the vote. But the law doesn’t take effect until December 2024, and the state has yet to establish a system for licensing recreational dispensaries. This means that while recreational marijuana is technically legal, there is currently no legal way to purchase it in Ohio.
Medical marijuana program details:
- Qualifying conditions include AIDS, Alzheimer’s, cancer, chronic pain, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, PTSD, and several others.
- Patients must obtain a physician’s recommendation and register with the state to purchase cannabis products from licensed dispensaries.
- Home cultivation is not allowed for medical patients.
Recreational marijuana law details:
- Adults 21 and over will be able to possess up to 2.5 ounces of cannabis flower and 15 grams of concentrate.
- Home cultivation of up to six plants per adult (with a maximum of 12 plants per household) will be permitted.
- Public consumption and driving under the influence will remain illegal.
Click for a full breakdown of cannabis laws in Ohio
Click here to learn more about Ohio’s medical cannabis program
Oklahoma Laws
Oklahoma Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Oklahoma has a unique approach to cannabis legalization, having one of the most expansive medical marijuana programs in the country. In 2018, voters approved State Question 788, which legalized medical marijuana for patients with any condition that a physician recommends it for. This broad qualifying criteria and relatively easy application process have led to a rapid growth of the medical cannabis industry in Oklahoma. However, recreational use of marijuana remains illegal in the state.
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Oregon Laws
Oregon Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Oregon has a long history with cannabis legalization, being one of the first states to embrace both medical and recreational use. The state’s medical marijuana program was established in 1998, providing access to patients with qualifying conditions. In 2014, Oregon voters approved Measure 91, legalizing recreational marijuana for adults 21 and over. This made Oregon one of the first states in the US to create a regulated adult-use cannabis market.
Oregon’s cannabis industry is well-established and regulated, with dispensaries located throughout the state and a wide variety of products available. The state continues to play a leading role in cannabis policy and innovation.
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Pennsylvania Laws
Pennsylvania Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Pennsylvania has a comprehensive medical marijuana program, allowing patients with qualifying conditions to access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries. However, recreational use of marijuana remains illegal in the state.
Key Points:
- Medical Marijuana Program: Established in 2016, the program serves patients with conditions such as cancer, epilepsy, PTSD, chronic pain, and anxiety.
- Qualifying Conditions: Over 20 qualifying conditions are recognized.
- Registration Process: Patients must obtain a physician’s certification and register with the state to purchase cannabis products.
- Dispensaries: Over 150 licensed dispensaries operate across the state.
- Product Forms: Available products include flower, concentrates, tinctures, capsules, and topicals.
- Home Cultivation: Not permitted for medical patients.
- Recreational Marijuana: Illegal, with possession of small amounts decriminalized in some cities.
- Future Prospects: Legislative efforts to legalize recreational marijuana have not yet succeeded, but public support for legalization is growing.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in Pennsylvania
Click here to learn more about Pennsylvania’s medical cannabis program
Rhode Island Laws
Rhode Island Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Rhode Island has embraced both medical and recreational cannabis use, with both programs in full effect. The state’s medical marijuana program was established in 2006, providing access to patients with qualifying conditions. In 2022, Rhode Island became the 19th state to legalize recreational marijuana for adults 21 and over. Sales officially began in December 2022, allowing adults to purchase, possess, and consume cannabis for personal use.
Key points of Rhode Island’s cannabis laws:
- Medical marijuana: Patients with qualifying conditions, such as cancer, glaucoma, PTSD, and chronic pain, can access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries.
- Recreational marijuana: Adults 21 and over can legally purchase, possess, and consume cannabis for personal use.
- Possession limits: Adults can legally possess up to one ounce of cannabis flower or up to five grams of concentrate. Home cultivation of up to six plants (no more than three mature) is also permitted for personal use.
- Public consumption: Public consumption of cannabis is prohibited.
- Driving under the influence: Driving under the influence of cannabis is illegal and carries penalties.
Click for a full breakdown of cannabis laws in Rhode Island
Click here to apply for a Medical Cannabis Card in Rhode Island
South Carolina Laws
South Carolina Status: Medical marijuana is illegal – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
South Carolina is one of the few states that has not legalized any form of marijuana, either for medical or recreational use. Possession of any amount of cannabis is considered a misdemeanor, punishable by up to 30 days in jail and a $200 fine for the first offense. Subsequent offenses carry harsher penalties, including potential felony charges.
Key Points:
- Medical marijuana: Illegal for any condition, despite efforts to pass legislation.
- Recreational marijuana: Illegal, with possession carrying penalties.
- CBD oil: Legal for specific medical conditions with less than 0.9% THC.
- Home cultivation: Illegal for any purpose.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in South Carolina
Click here to learn more about efforts to legalize medical marijuana in South Carolina
South Dakota Laws
South Dakota Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is in legal limbo.
South Dakota’s cannabis laws have experienced a tumultuous journey in recent years. In 2020, voters approved both a medical marijuana initiative (Measure 26) and a recreational marijuana initiative (Amendment A). However, Amendment A was overturned by the state Supreme Court in 2021 due to a technicality in its ballot language. This means that while medical marijuana is now operational in South Dakota, recreational marijuana is once again illegal.
Medical Marijuana Program:
- Established in 2021, following the passage of Measure 26.
- Patients with qualifying conditions, such as cancer, chronic pain, PTSD, and epilepsy, can access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries.
- Home cultivation of up to three plants is allowed for medical patients.
Recreational Marijuana:
- Currently illegal, due to the court’s overturning of Amendment A.
- Attempts to legalize recreational marijuana through the legislature have failed thus far.
- However, advocates are working on new ballot initiatives for future elections.
Click for a full breakdown of cannabis laws in South Dakota
Click here to learn more about South Dakota’s medical cannabis program
Tennessee Laws
Tennessee Status: Medical marijuana is legal for limited conditions – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Tennessee has a limited medical marijuana program, known as the “Tennessee Medical Cannabis Act,” which was signed into law in 2023. The program allows the use of cannabis-derived products with low THC content (less than 0.9%) for patients with a specific list of qualifying conditions. However, recreational use of marijuana remains illegal in the state.
Recreational Marijuana:
- Illegal and penalized: Possession of any amount of marijuana for recreational use is a misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a $250 fine.
- Decriminalization efforts stalled: Attempts to decriminalize or legalize recreational marijuana have not gained traction in the legislature.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in Tennessee
Click here to learn more about Tennessee’s medical cannabis program
Texas Laws
Texas Status: Medical marijuana is legal for limited conditions – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Texas has a restrictive medical marijuana program, known as the Compassionate Use Program (CUP), which was established in 2015. The program allows the use of low-THC cannabis oil (less than 1% THC) for patients with intractable epilepsy. However, recreational use of marijuana remains illegal in the state, and efforts to expand the medical program have faced significant hurdles.
Key Points of Texas’ Compassionate Use Program:
- Qualifying Condition: Only intractable epilepsy is currently approved for treatment.
- Product Form: Only low-THC cannabis oil (less than 1% THC) is permitted.
- Physician Certification: Patients must obtain a physician’s recommendation to participate in the program.
- Registration and Dispensing: Patients must register with the state and purchase products from one of three licensed dispensaries located in Austin, San Antonio, and Houston.
- Home Cultivation: Not permitted under the program.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in Texas
Click here to learn more about Texas’ Compassionate Use Program
Utah Laws
Utah Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Utah has a medical marijuana program that was established in 2018, allowing patients with qualifying conditions to access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries. However, recreational use of marijuana remains illegal in the state.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in Utah
Click here to learn more about Utah’s medical cannabis program
Vermont Laws
Vermont Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Vermont has embraced both medical and recreational cannabis use. The state’s medical marijuana program began in 2004, providing access to patients with qualifying conditions. In 2022, Vermont became the 11th state to legalize recreational marijuana for adults 21 and over. Sales officially began in October 2022, allowing adults to purchase, possess, and consume cannabis for personal use.
Click for a full breakdown of cannabis laws in Vermont
Click here to apply for a Medical Cannabis Card in Vermont
Virginia Laws
Virginia Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal for possession and cultivation, but not yet for retail sales.
Details: Virginia has taken a unique approach to cannabis legalization, with a phased-in approach that has resulted in a mixed legal landscape.
Medical Marijuana Program:
- Established in 2017, allowing patients with qualifying conditions to access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries.
- Qualifying conditions include cancer, PTSD, epilepsy, chronic pain, and several others.
- Patients must obtain a physician’s certification and register with the state to purchase cannabis products.
- Home cultivation is not permitted for medical patients.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in Virginia
Click here to learn more about Virginia’s medical cannabis program
Washington Laws
Washington Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is legal.
Washington was one of the first states to legalize recreational marijuana, along with Colorado, in 2012. It also has a well-established medical marijuana program that has been in place since 1998.
Key Points:
- Medical Marijuana Program:
- Qualifying conditions include cancer, HIV/AIDS, glaucoma, PTSD, chronic pain, and many others.
- Patients must obtain a physician’s recommendation and register with the state to purchase cannabis products from licensed dispensaries.
- Home cultivation is allowed for medical patients, with a limit of six plants.
- Recreational Marijuana:
- Adults 21 and over can legally purchase, possess, and consume cannabis for personal use.
- Possession limits: Up to one ounce of cannabis flower, 16 ounces of cannabis-infused edibles in solid form, 72 ounces of cannabis-infused edibles in liquid form, and 7 grams of cannabis concentrates.
- Home cultivation is allowed for recreational use, with a limit of six plants per person (maximum of 15 plants per household).
- Public consumption is prohibited, but some licensed establishments allow consumption on-site.
- Driving under the influence is illegal and carries penalties.
Click for a full breakdown of cannabis laws in Washington
Click here to apply for a Medical Cannabis Card in Washington
West Virginia Laws
West Virginia Status: Medical marijuana is legal – Recreational marijuana is illegal, but possession of small amounts has been decriminalized.
West Virginia has a medical marijuana program that was established in 2017, allowing patients with qualifying conditions to access cannabis products from licensed dispensaries. However, recreational use of marijuana remains illegal in the state.
Click for a full breakdown of cannabis laws in West Virginia
Click here to learn more about West Virginia’s medical cannabis program
Wisconsin Laws
Wisconsin Status: Medical marijuana is legal for limited conditions – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Wisconsin has a very restrictive medical marijuana program, known as the “Lydia’s Law” program, which was signed into law in 2014. The program allows the use of cannabidiol (CBD) oil with no more than 0.3% THC for patients with certain seizure disorders. However, recreational use of marijuana remains illegal in the state, and efforts to expand the medical program have faced significant challenges.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in Wisconsin
Wyoming Laws
Wyoming Status: Medical marijuana is illegal – Recreational marijuana is illegal.
Wyoming is one of the few states that has not legalized any form of marijuana, either for medical or recreational use. Possession of any amount of cannabis is considered a misdemeanor, punishable by up to 12 months in jail and a $1,000 fine for the first offense. Subsequent offenses carry harsher penalties, including potential felony charges.
Click For A Full Breakdown of Cannabis Laws in Wyoming